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A metal–organic framework sorbent is cycled outdoors at relative humidities between 12 and 34 per cent. Daily yield reaches 1.3 litres per kilogram of sorbent at 20 per cent humidity, and the limiting factor is not uptake but the condenser duty available from passive night-time cooling.
Downscaled projections from an eleven-model ensemble are combined with a water-balance model for six basins. Renewable water availability declines by between 9 and 24 per cent by 2060 under the intermediate pathway, and the spread across models is wider than the spread across emissions pathways — which makes ensemble breadth, not scenario choice, the binding uncertainty for planners.
Electrolysis feedwater must be far purer than drinking water, and the desalination and polishing stages are usually omitted from hydrogen cost models. Accounting for them adds between 0.9 and 2.3 per cent to the total electrical demand of a gigawatt-scale plant — small against the electrolyser, and large against the margins quoted in current offtake agreements.
A 14-month pilot study at two intake depths compared fouling rates of graphene-oxide composite membranes against conventional polyamide membranes under Red Sea feedwater conditions, with weekly autopsy of the fouling layer.
A district-metered area instrumented with 4,200 smart meters and 60 acoustic loggers is used to compare night-flow analysis against acoustic correlation for locating background leakage. Acoustic correlation halves the time to locate but misses the diffuse losses that night-flow analysis quantifies, so the two are complements rather than alternatives.
يقيس البحث أثر رفع الدعم عن الكهرباء على استهلاك المياه المنزلية باستخدام بيانات عدادات شهرية لأكثر من مئتي ألف مشترك قبل الإصلاح وبعده. انخفض الاستهلاك بنسبة 6.8 بالمئة في المتوسط، غير أن الأثر تركّز في الشرائح الأعلى دخلاً، بينما لم يتغيّر استهلاك الأسر منخفضة الدخل إلا هامشياً — وهو ما يشير إلى أن الترشيد الناتج عن السعر يبلغ حده حين يقترب الاستهلاك من الحاجة الأساسية.
Pumping, treatment and distribution are optimised jointly rather than sequentially across a municipal network serving 1.4 million residents. Co-optimisation shifts 22 per cent of pumping load off the evening peak without any new storage, and reduces annual electricity spend by 8.9 per cent at unchanged service pressure.
Four years of hourly DC and AC yield from a 48-panel test array, with irradiance, module temperature and soiling-loss estimates.
Brine disposal is the unsolved half of desalination. Deep-well injection, evaporation ponds and a selective electrodialysis route recovering magnesium hydroxide and sodium chloride are compared on one cost basis. The recovery route turns a disposal cost of 0.21 dollars per cubic metre into a net revenue of 0.07 dollars at current mineral prices.
Capital and operating costs for tertiary treatment and distribution across five municipalities, normalised per cubic metre delivered.